The community of Lalibela and its surroundings are part of an ethnic group primarily inhabiting the northern and central highlands of Ethiopia, particularly in the Amhara Region. These communities belong to the Habesha peoples and are integral to Ethiopia’s rich cultural tapestry.
Language: Amharic
The people of Lalibela speak Amharic, a Semitic language belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family. Amharic is one of Ethiopia’s principal languages and serves as the working language of the federal government. Historically, it was also used for primary education but has been replaced in some regions by local languages such as Oromifa and Tigrinya.
Amharic is written in the Ethiopic (Ge’ez) script, a unique writing system classified as an abugida, in which characters represent consonant-vowel syllables.
Religion
Christianity has been the cornerstone of the culture in Lalibela for centuries, with the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church playing a central role. Religious observances are deeply woven into daily life, and major celebrations include Easter and Epiphany (Timket), characterized by elaborate church services, festive feasts, and traditional dances.
Throughout the year, various feast days are observed, during which only vegetarian or fish dishes are consumed.
Marriage Traditions
Marriage customs in Lalibela reflect both traditional and modern practices. Historically, marriages were often arranged, with men marrying in their late teens or early twenties. The legal minimum age for marriage was raised to 18 during the 20th century, a change enforced by the Imperial government.
Amhara weddings may include both civil and church ceremonies, with church weddings being particularly significant. Divorce is discouraged after a church wedding. Celebrations are lavish, with each family hosting separate wedding feasts. The Amhara are also renowned artisans, known for their intricate weaving, embroidery, and delicate gold and silver filigree jewelry.
Childbirth and Family Traditions
Childbirth is a revered occasion in the community. Following the birth of a child, a priest visits the family to bless the newborn. The mother and infant traditionally remain indoors for 40 days to ensure physical recovery and emotional strength.
At 40 days for boys and 80 days for girls, the infant is taken to the church for baptism, marking a significant milestone in the family’s spiritual journey.
Farming and Livelihood
Farming is the primary livelihood for the people of Lalibela, particularly in the Ethiopian highlands. Key crops include barley, corn, millet, wheat, sorghum, beans, peppers, chickpeas, and various vegetables.
In the highlands, a single crop is typically harvested per year, while the lowlands may yield two crops annually. Livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats are also raised, further supporting the agricultural lifestyle.
The people of Lalibela exemplify a harmonious blend of tradition, faith, and resilience, thriving in one of the most scenic and culturally rich regions of Ethiopia.
